網路原理(一) RSE6 Section 9.1

Dynamic Network Address Translation (Dynamic NAT)
Dynamic NAT uses a pool of public addresses and assigns them on a first-come, first-served basis.

Global Address
A global address is any address that appears on the outside portion of the network.

Inside Address
The address of the device which is being translated by NAT. 

Inside Global Address
The address of source as seen from the outside network.

Inside Local Address
The address of the source as seen from inside the network. 

Local Address
A local address is any address that appears on the inside portion of the network.

Network Address Translatioin (NAT)
在電腦網路中，網路位址轉換，也叫做網路掩蔽或者IP掩蔽，是一種在IP封包通過路由器或防火牆時重寫來源IP位址或目的IP地址的技術。這種技術被普遍使用在有多台主機但只通過一個公有IP位址存取因特網的私有網路中。它是一個方便且得到了廣泛應用的技術。當然，NAT也讓主機之間的通訊變得複雜，導致了通訊效率的降低。

Outside Address
The address of the destination device. 

Outside Global Address
The address of the destination as seen from the outside network. It is a globally routable IPv4 address assigned to a host on the Internet. 

Outside Local Address
The address of the destination as seen from the inside network. 

Port Address Translation (PAT)
Many-to-one address mapping between local and global addresses. 

Private Address
A private IP address is the address space allocated by InterNIC to allow organizations to create their own private network. There are three IP blocks (1 class A, 1 class B and 1 class C) reserved for a private use. The computers, tablets and smartphones sitting behind your home, and the personal computers within an organizations are usually assigned private IP addresses. 

Public Address
A public IP address is the address that is assigned to a computing device to allow direct access over the Internet. A web server, email server and any server device directly accessible from the Internet are candidate for a public IP address. A public IP address is globally unique, and can only be assigned to a unique device.

RFC 1918
RFC1918，從字面上來看，會以為是某個RFC文件的標題。但實際上並不是，是解釋其三組private address，可看成把這三組private的統稱。
查詢IETF組織所編譯的資料。rfc1918是Address Allocation for Private Internets。等於說rfc1918可以代表private address。其進一步的意思解釋可以參考RFC1918
(參考網址:https://leeilu.blogspot.com/2014/05/rfc1918.html) 

Static Network Address Translation (Static NAT)
One-to-one address mapping between local and global addresses.